From: Subject: Researchers push transmission rate of copper cables Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 16:35:18 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C826DC.578EDC20" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3198 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C826DC.578EDC20 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-11/ps-rpt111307.php Researchers push transmission rate of copper = cables

Public = release date:=20 14-Nov-2007
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Contact: Andrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-9481
Penn State =

Researchers push transmission rate of copper = cables

You may not be able to get blood out of a turnip, but according to = Penn State=20 engineers, you can increase the data transmission of Category-7 copper = cables=20 used to connect computers to each other and the Internet.=20

"Working with NEXANS, the company that manufactures the cable, we = have=20 examined the possibility of sending digital data at a rate of 100 = gigabits per=20 second over 100 meters of Category-7 copper cable," says Mohsen = Kavehrad, the=20 W.L. Weiss Endowed Chair professor of electrical engineering. "These are = the=20 current, new generation of Ethernet cables."=20

These cables are used to connect computers within a room or a = building or to=20 create parallel computing systems.=20

While the long distance lines of most Internet systems are glass = fiber optic=20 cables, which are very fast, copper cable is generally used for short = distances.=20

"In home networks, for example, it is expensive to use fiber optic = cabling,"=20 says Ali Enteshari, graduate student in electrical engineering who = presented the=20 team's methods to the IEEE High Speed Study Group today (Nov. 14) in = Atlanta.=20

All transmission cables are limited by the distance they can transmit = data=20 without degradation of the signal. Before errors and interference make = the=20 signals non-recoverable, cable systems use repeaters =96 which are = similar to=20 computer modems =96 to capture, correct or recover data, and resend it. = The=20 distance between repeaters depends on the cable and the approach used by = the=20 modem to correct errors.=20

"What we are offering is a less expensive solution and one that is = easier to=20 build," says Jarir Fadlullah, graduate student in electrical = engineering.=20

Using information on specifications and characteristics of the cables = from=20 NEXANS, the researchers modeled the cable with all its attributes = including=20 modeling crosstalk. They then designed a transmitter/receiver equipped = with an=20 interference canceller that could transfer up to 100 gigabits using = error=20 correcting and equalizing approaches. Ethernet cable like the Category 7 = is made=20 up of four pairs of twisted wires shielded to reduce crosstalk. Category = 7 is=20 heavier weight wire with better shielding than Category 5 cable. = Kavehrad's=20 group did similar analysis on the Category 5 cables in 2003.=20

"A rate of 100 gigabit over 70 meters is definitely possible, and we = are=20 working on extending that to 100 meters, or about 328 feet," says = Enteshari.=20 "However, the design of a 100 gigabit modem might not be physically = realizable=20 at this time as it is technology limited. We are providing a roadmap to = design a=20 high speed modem for 100 gigabits."=20

The researchers believe that two or three generations in the future, = the=20 technology of chip circuitry will allow these modem designs to be built. = Currently, chip design is at about 65 nanometers, but they expect in the = next=20 two generations to get to what is required, says Kavehrad.=20

The amount of data encompassed by 100 gigabits is amazing. The entire = Encyclopedia Britannica contains 1 gigabyte of information. A byte is = equivalent=20 to 8 bits, so 1 Gigabyte is equal to 8 gigabits. A rate of 100 gigabits = per=20 second over 100 meters is the transmission of 12.5 Encyclopedia = Britannica sets=20 per second.

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(screen.width-w)/2 : 0;=0A= TopPosition =3D 10;=0A= settings =3D=0A= = 'height=3D'+h+',width=3D'+w+',top=3D'+TopPosition+',left=3D'+LeftPosition= +',scrollbars=3D'+scroll+',resizable,menubar'=0A= win =3D window.open(mypage,myname,settings)=0A= if(win.window.focus){win.window.focus();}=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= self.onerror =3D function() {=0A= =0A= return true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function di(id,name){=0A= =0A= if (document.images) {document.images[id].src=3Deval(name+".src"); }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that displays status bar message=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= function dm(msgStr) {=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D false;=0A= =0A= if (document.images) { =0A= =0A= window.status =3D msgStr;=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= var showMsg =3D navigator.userAgent !=3D "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE = 4.0; Mac_PowerPC)";=0A= =0A= function dmim(msgStr) {=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D false;=0A= =0A= if (showMsg) { =0A= =0A= window.status =3D msgStr;=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that will load the bubble with URL, opening the bubble if = necessary (one bubble per page)=0A= =0A= function loadBubble(URL) {=0A= self.name =3D "scipix";=0A= SciBubble =3D window.open(URL, window.name+'bubble', = 'toolbar=3D0,location=3D0,directories=3D0,status=3D0,scrollbars=3Dyes,res= izable=3Dyes,width=3D430,height=3D350'); =0A= SciBubble.focus();=0A= =0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= // function that will load full size popup with URL, opening the bubble = if necessary (one bubble per page)=0A= =0A= function loadRepak(URL) {=0A= self.name =3D "scipix";=0A= SciBubble =3D window.open(URL, window.name+'RePak', = 'toolbar=3D0,location=3D0,directories=3D0,status=3D0,scrollbars=3Dyes,res= izable=3Dyes,width=3D580,height=3D420'); =0A= SciBubble.focus();=0A= =0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that safely closes the bubble=0A= =0A= function closeBubble() {=0A= =0A= if ((SciBubble !=3D undefined) && (SciBubble.close !=3D undefined)) {=0A= =0A= SciBubble.close();=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that (re)opens a navpop with URL (one navpop per page)=0A= =0A= function loadNavPop(URL) {=0A= =0A= HHMINavPop =3D window.open(URL, window.name+'navpop', = 'toolbar=3D0,location=3D0,directories=3D0,status=3D0,scrollbars=3D1,resiz= able=3Dno,width=3D340,height=3D420'); =0A= =0A= HHMINavPop.focus();=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that safely loads and focuses on the main window with URL=0A= =0A= function loadMain(URL) {=0A= =0A= if (window.opener) {=0A= =0A= window.opener.location =3D URL;=0A= =0A= window.opener.focus();=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C826DC.578EDC20--