Home
Nanotechnology=20
Physics =
Space=20 & Earth science
Electronic = Devices
Technology=
General=20 Science
Medicine = &=20 Health

Internet
Software
Business
Engineering =
Semiconductors= =20
Other =
Telecom =
Energy =
Computer=20 Sciences
All subcategories =

Published: 6 hours ago, 10:37 EST, November 14, 2007 =

Researchers push transmission rate of copper cables

You may not be able to get blood out of a turnip, but = according=20 to Penn State engineers, you can increase the data transmission of = Category-7=20 copper cables used to connect computers to each other and the Internet. =

"Working with NEXANS, the = company that=20 manufactures the cable, we have examined the possibility of sending = digital data=20 at a rate of 100 gigabits per second over 100 meters of Category-7 = copper=20 cable," says Mohsen Kavehrad, the W.L. Weiss Endowed Chair professor of=20 electrical engineering. "These are the current, new generation of = Ethernet=20 cables."

These cables are used to connect = computers within=20 a room or a building or to create parallel computing systems. =

While the=20 long distance lines of most Internet systems are glass fiber optic = cables, which=20 are very fast, copper cable is generally used for short distances. =

"In=20 home networks, for example, it is expensive to use fiber optic cabling," = says=20 Ali Enteshari, graduate student in electrical engineering who presented = the=20 team's methods to the IEEE High Speed Study Group today (Nov. 14) in = Atlanta.=20

All transmission cables are limited by the distance they can = transmit=20 data without degradation of the signal. Before errors and interference = make the=20 signals non-recoverable, cable systems use repeaters =96 which are = similar to=20 computer modems =96 to capture, correct or recover data, and resend it. = The=20 distance between repeaters depends on the cable and the approach used by = the=20 modem to correct errors.

"What we are offering is a less = expensive=20 solution and one that is easier to build," says Jarir Fadlullah, = graduate=20 student in electrical engineering.

Using information on = specifications=20 and characteristics of the cables from NEXANS, the researchers modeled = the cable=20 with all its attributes including modeling crosstalk. They then designed = a=20 transmitter/receiver equipped with an interference canceller that could = transfer=20 up to 100 gigabits using error correcting and equalizing approaches. = Ethernet=20 cable like the Category 7 is made up of four pairs of twisted wires = shielded to=20 reduce crosstalk. Category 7 is heavier weight wire with better = shielding than=20 Category 5 cable. Kavehrad's group did similar analysis on the Category = 5 cables=20 in 2003.

"A rate of 100 gigabit over 70 meters is definitely = possible,=20 and we are working on extending that to 100 meters, or about 328 feet," = says=20 Enteshari. "However, the design of a 100 gigabit modem might not be = physically=20 realizable at this time as it is technology limited. We are providing a = roadmap=20 to design a high speed modem for 100 gigabits."

The researchers = believe=20 that two or three generations in the future, the technology of chip = circuitry=20 will allow these modem designs to be built. Currently, chip design is at = about=20 65 nanometers, but they expect in the next two generations to get to = what is=20 required, says Kavehrad.

The amount of data encompassed by 100 = gigabits=20 is amazing. The entire Encyclopedia Britannica contains 1 gigabyte of=20 information. A byte is equivalent to 8 bits, so 1 Gigabyte is equal to 8 = gigabits. A rate of 100 gigabits per second over 100 meters is the = transmission=20 of 12.5 Encyclopedia Britannica sets per second.

Source: Penn = State=20

=BB Next Article in Technology - Engineering: Engineering students = use smart=20 materials to design a smart wing

would you recommend this story?

=20

User Rating

4.3 out of 5 after 10 total = votes

not at all
1
2
3
4
5
highly

=20

Physorg = Account 3D"PhysOrg

PhysOrg = Forum 3Dideo=20

Video

Editorials<= /A> 3D"Free

Free = Magazines 3DNewsletter=20

Newsletter=

News Archive

Relevant Stories

May 08, 2007 - Want FiOS from = Your Cable=20 Company? Motorola Can Help
Mar 27, 2007 - Optical Broadband = Data=20 Transmission in the Home
Jan 30, 2007 - Three = Back-to-Back=20 Spacewalks Coming Up on Station
Sep 25, 2006 - LANL/NIST Team = Sends=20 Quantum Encryption 'Keys' Over Record Distances
May 12, 2006 - Two DVDs per = second: a tiny=20 chip processes data at extremely high speed
Mar 16, 2005 - Engineers study = whether 'light=20 on a wire' is wave of future for circuitry
Jan 08, 2005 - Single-Chip UWB = Solution with=20 Dual-Mode Wireless and Powerline Capability
Dec 05, 2004 - Fujitsu Launches the = Ultimate=20 Storage Accessory for Digital Cameras

'; if ( rank >=3D fltthres || rank =3D=3D 0 ) commentsHTML +=3D '

'; else commentsHTML +=3D '

'; commentsHTML +=3D '

Flag'; if ( mid !=3D '0' && (rank >=3D fltthres || rank =3D=3D 0) ) = commentsHTML +=3D ' | '; =09 commentsHTML +=3D 'Posted by '+ author + ' ' + date ; if ( status =3D=3D 1 ){ commentsHTML +=3D ' [edit]'; } commentsHTML +=3D '

'; if (rank > 0 ) commentsHTML +=3D FormatRank(rank, votes); else commentsHTML +=3D 'Not rated yet.'; commentsHTML +=3D '

'; =09 commentsHTML +=3D '

'; =09 if ( rank >=3D fltthres || rank =3D=3D 0){ commentsHTML +=3D '

'; commentsHTML +=3D txt; commentsHTML +=3D '

'; =09 if ( vote =3D=3D 1 ) { commentsHTML +=3D '

'; commentsHTML +=3D 'Do you find this comment valuable: not at all = - '; =09 commentsHTML +=3D '1'; commentsHTML +=3D '2'; commentsHTML +=3D '3'; commentsHTML +=3D '4'; commentsHTML +=3D '5'; =20 commentsHTML +=3D ' - highly '; commentsHTML +=3D '

'; } =20 =09 } =09 =09 commentsHTML +=3D '

'; } =09 document.getElementById('comments').innerHTML =3D commentsHTML; } function PostBox(nid){ pstbx =3D ''; lgbox =3D '

' + '

Please register or sign in to add a comment.

= ' + 'Registration is free, and takes less than a minute. Read more' + '' + =09 'Forgot your password? Click here to = reset it' + '

'; =09 if (mid !=3D '0') { document.getElementById('postbox').innerHTML =3D pstbx; document.commadd.nid.value =3D nid; } else { document.getElementById('postbox').innerHTML =3D lgbox; } } function MakePostRequest(url, strDATA, handler) { if (typeof window.ActiveXObject !=3D 'undefined' ) { xmlDoc =3D new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); xmlDoc.onreadystatechange =3D handler ; } else { xmlDoc =3D new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlDoc.onload =3D handler; } =20 xmlDoc.open('POST', url, true);=20 xmlDoc.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); xmlDoc.setRequestHeader("Content-length", strDATA.length); xmlDoc.setRequestHeader("Connection", "close"); xmlDoc.send(strDATA); } // comment handling function AddComment(){ var cmnt =3D document.commadd.commenttext.value; var nid =3D document.commadd.nid.value; var cid =3D document.commadd.cid.value; var status =3D document.commadd.status.value; =20 =09 if ( cmnt.length =3D=3D 0 ){ alert('Please enter your comment!'); = return } var queryString =3D 'commenttext=3D' + escape(cmnt) + '&nid=3D' + nid = + '&status=3D' + status +'&cid=3D' + cid; document.commadd.commentsubmit.disabled =3D true; MakePostRequest('./comments/addXMLcomment.php', queryString, = CheckAdd); } function CheckAdd(){ if ( xmlDoc.readyState !=3D 4 ) return ; response =3D xmlDoc.responseXML.documentElement; =09 if (response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild !=3D null) { alert(response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild.data); } DisplayComments(); } =20 // comment editing function GetComment(cid){ makeHttpRequest('/comments/GetXMLcomment.php?cid=3D'+cid, EditComment); document.getElementById('addtitle').innerHTML =3D 'Edit comment'; document.commadd.status.value =3D'edit'; document.commadd.cid.value =3D cid; document.commadd.commentsubmit.value=3D'Edit'; } function EditComment(){ if ( xmlDoc.readyState !=3D 4 ) return ; response =3D xmlDoc.responseXML.documentElement; =09 if (response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild !=3D null) { alert(response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild.data); return ; } =09 var commentTEXT =3D = response.getElementsByTagName('comment')[0].firstChild.data;=20 document.commadd.commenttext.value =3D commentTEXT; =09 } function CommentReset(cid){ document.getElementById('addtitle').innerHTML =3D 'New comment';=09 document.commadd.commenttext.value =3D '';=20 document.commadd.status.value =3D'New'; document.commadd.cid.value =3D '0'; document.commadd.commentsubmit.value=3D'Add Comment';=09 document.commadd.reset; } //comment quoting function QuoteComment(cid){ makeHttpRequest('/comments/GetXMLcomment.php?cid=3D'+cid, InsertQuote); } =20 function InsertQuote(){ if ( xmlDoc.readyState !=3D 4 ) return ; response =3D xmlDoc.responseXML.documentElement; =09 var commentQUOTE =3D '[q]' + = response.getElementsByTagName('comment')[0].firstChild.data + '[/q]';=20 document.commadd.commenttext.value =3D commentQUOTE + = document.commadd.commenttext.value; =09 } // Rank handling=20 =20 function RateComment(cid, rank){ makeHttpRequest('/comments/RateComment.php?cid=3D'+cid+'&rank=3D'+rank, = DisplayRank); document.getElementById('rk' + cid).innerHTML =3D 'Re-calculating ..';=20 hideVoting('rkvt' + cid); =09 } =20 function DisplayRank(){ if ( xmlDoc.readyState !=3D 4 ) return ; response =3D xmlDoc.responseXML.documentElement; =20 if (response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild !=3D null) { alert(response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild.data); return; } var cid =3D response.getElementsByTagName('cid')[0].firstChild.data; var rank=3D response.getElementsByTagName('rank')[0].firstChild.data;=09 var votes=3D = response.getElementsByTagName('votes')[0].firstChild.data;=09 document.getElementById('rk' + cid).innerHTML =3D 'Thank you! ' + = FormatRank(rank, votes);=20 =09 =09 } // fstlog function SignIn(){ var email =3D document.fstlogin.email.value; var passwd =3D document.fstlogin.passwd.value; if ( email.length =3D=3D 0 ){ alert('Please enter your email!'); = return } if ( passwd.length =3D=3D 0 ){ alert('Please enter your password!'); = return } =09 var queryString =3D 'email=3D' + escape(email) + '&passwd=3D' + passwd = + '&status=3Dlogin'; MakePostRequest('./comments/XMLlogin.php', queryString, SignInCheck); } function SignInCheck(){ if ( xmlDoc.readyState !=3D 4 ) return ; response =3D xmlDoc.responseXML.documentElement; =09 =09 if (response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild !=3D null) { alert(response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild.data); return; } =20 if (response.getElementsByTagName('mid')[0].firstChild !=3D null) { mid =3D response.getElementsByTagName('mid')[0].firstChild.data; }=09 DisplayComments(); =20 PostBox(nid); } function FstSignOut() { mid =3D '0'; var queryString =3D 'status=3Dsignout'; MakePostRequest('./comments/XMLlogin.php', queryString, SignInCheck);=20 } // flag comment function FlagComment(cid){ if (confirm("Report this comment as spam, offensive or = inappropriate?")) { queryString =3D 'status=3Dflag&nid=3D' + nid +'&cid=3D' + cid; MakePostRequest('./comments/XMLflag.php', queryString, = DisplayMessage); =20 }=20 } //display flag output function DisplayMessage(){ =09 if ( xmlDoc.readyState !=3D 4 ) return ; response =3D xmlDoc.responseXML.documentElement; =20 if (response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild !=3D null) { alert(response.getElementsByTagName('msg')[0].firstChild.data); return; } } // supplemental function FormatRank(rank, votes){ if ( votes > 1 ) return 'Rank: ' + rank + = '/5 after ' + votes + ' votes'; else return 'Rank: ' + rank + '/5 after = ' + votes + ' vote'; } function hideVoting(divID) {=20 if (document.getElementById) {=20 document.getElementById(divID).style.visibility =3D 'hidden';=20 }=20 else {=20 if (document.layers) { // Netscape 4=20 document.divID.visibility =3D 'hidden';=20 }=20 else { // IE 4=20 document.all.divID.style.visibility =3D 'hidden';=20 }=20 }=20 }=20 ------=_NextPart_000_0009_01C826DC.6B1A85A0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.physorg.com/adsense_custom_ad_unit.js function winstat(w) {window.status =3D w; return true;} function clearstat(){window.status=3D'';} function CheckRef(){ =20 var ref =3D document.referrer.toLowerCase(); if (!ref) { return false; } try { =20 if (ref.indexOf('news.google.') > 0) { return false; } =20 if (ref.indexOf('google.') > 0) { return true; } if (ref.indexOf('yahoo.') > 0) {return true; } if (ref.indexOf('search.msn.') > 0) {return true; } if (ref.indexOf('askjeeves.') > 0) {return true; } if (ref.indexOf('aol.') > 0) {return true; } } catch(ex) {}; =20 return false; =20 } function google_ad_request_done(google_ads) { =20 var first_ad_unit =3D '', second_ad_unit =3D '', goog_url =3D '', = goog_ad =3D''; // default for second unit OA img tag=09 var defSec =3D ''; =20 // deafult for GS =09 var defGS =3D new Array(4); defGS[0] =3D '

'+ '

FREE = Magazine Subscriptions

' + 'No hidden or trial offers, and no purchase necessary. = Publications are absolutely free to those who qualify ' + '' + '

'; =20 =09 defGS[1] =3D '

'+ '

Career Center

' = + 'Designed to simplify your employment search, you will find a = variety of resourceful career tools at your fingertips ' + '' + '

'; defGS[2] =3D '

'+ '

Advert= ise on this site

' + 'Your banner or text ad could be here
Learn more = ... ' + '' + '

'; =09 defGS[3] =3D '

'+ '

Free White Paper

' + 'Free Information Technology white papers, downloads and = podcasts ' + '' + '

'; =09 // 'Ads by google' =09 goog_url =3D '

';=20 goog_url +=3D'Sponsored Links '; if (google_info.feedback_url) { goog_url +=3D '(Ads by Google)'; } else { goog_url +=3D '(Ads by Google)'; } goog_url +=3D '

'; if (google_ads.length > 0) { if (google_ads[0].type =3D=3D "flash") { second_ad_unit +=3D '' + '' '' '' '

'; } else if (google_ads[0].type =3D=3D "image") { second_ad_unit +=3D '

'; } else {=20 =20 if (google_ads.length =3D=3D 1) { =20 first_ad_unit +=3D '

' + '' + google_ads[0].line1 + " " + ' - ' + '' + google_ads[0].line2 + ' ' + google_ads[0].line3 + =20 '
'+ '' + =20 google_ads[0].visible_url + '' + '

'; =09 } // google_ads.length =3D=3D 1 =09 =09 // more than 1 ad=20 else for(var i =3D 0; i < google_ads.length; ++i) {=20 if (google_ads[i].type =3D=3D "text") { =09 if (i<3) { first_ad_unit +=3D '

' + '' + google_ads[i].line1 + " " + ' - ' + '' + google_ads[i].line2 + ' ' + google_ads[i].line3 + =20 '
'+ '' + =20 google_ads[i].visible_url + '' + '

'; =09 } =20 if (i > 2 && i<6){ second_ad_unit +=3D '

' + '' + google_ads[i].line1 + "
" + '' + google_ads[i].line2 + ' ' + google_ads[i].line3 + =20 '
' + =20 '' + =20 google_ads[i].visible_url + ''+ '

'; =09 =09 } =09 } // if text } // end else FOR cycle } //end else=20 } // google_ads.length > 0 =09 =09 =09 // FILL DEFAULTS if (first_ad_unit =3D=3D ''){ first_ad_unit +=3D ''+ '

'; } else first_ad_unit =3D goog_url + first_ad_unit; =09 if ( second_ad_unit =3D=3D '' ) second_ad_unit +=3D defSec; else second_ad_unit =3D goog_url + second_ad_unit; // PLACE ADS // 1st box if (CheckRef()) document.getElementById("top_ad_unit").innerHTML +=3D = first_ad_unit + '
'; else document.getElementById("first_ad_unit").innerHTML +=3D = first_ad_unit; //2nd box if (document.getElementById('second_ad_unit') !=3D null) {=09 document.getElementById('second_ad_unit').innerHTML =3D = second_ad_unit;=09 var randNo =3D Math.random()*4;=09 randNo =3D Math.floor(randNo); if (document.getElementById('GS_goog_def') !=3D null) = document.getElementById('GS_goog_def').innerHTML =3D defGS[randNo]; } // GS default else if (document.getElementById('GS_goog_def') !=3D null) = document.getElementById('GS_goog_def').innerHTML =3D second_ad_unit; } ------=_NextPart_000_0009_01C826DC.6B1A85A0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js (function(){=0A= var = J=3D{google_ad_channel:"channel",google_ad_host:"host",google_ad_region:"= region",google_ad_section:"region",google_ad_type:"ad_type",google_adtest= :"adtest",google_alternate_ad_url:"alternate_ad_url",google_alternate_col= or:"alt_color",google_bid:"bid",google_city:"gcs",google_color_bg:"color_= bg",google_color_border:"color_border",google_color_line:"color_line",goo= gle_color_link:"color_link",google_color_text:"color_text",google_color_u= rl:"color_url",google_contents:"contents",google_country:"gl",=0A= google_cust_age:"cust_age",google_cust_ch:"cust_ch",google_cust_gender:"c= ust_gender",google_cust_id:"cust_id",google_cust_interests:"cust_interest= s",google_cust_job:"cust_job",google_cust_l:"cust_l",google_cust_lh:"cust= _lh",google_cust_u_url:"cust_u_url",google_disable_video_autoplay:"disabl= e_video_autoplay",google_ed:"ed",google_encoding:"oe",google_feedback:"fe= edback_link",google_flash_version:"flash",google_gl:"gl",google_hints:"hi= nts",google_kw:"kw",google_kw_type:"kw_type",google_language:"hl",=0A= google_referrer_url:"ref",google_region:"gr",google_reuse_colors:"reuse_c= olors",google_safe:"adsafe",google_targeting:"targeting",google_ui_featur= es:"ui"},E=3D{google_ad_format:"format",google_ad_output:"output",google_= ad_override:"google_ad_override",google_ad_slot:"slotname",google_analyti= cs_webpropids:"ga_wpids",google_correlator:"correlator",google_cpa_choice= :"cpa_choice",google_image_size:"image_size",google_last_modified_time:"l= mt",google_max_num_ads:"num_ads",google_max_radlink_len:"max_radlink_len"= ,=0A= google_num_radlinks:"num_radlinks",google_num_radlinks_per_unit:"num_radl= inks_per_unit",google_only_ads_with_video:"only_ads_with_video",google_pa= ge_location:"loc",google_page_url:"url",google_rl_dest_url:"rl_dest_url",= google_rl_filtering:"rl_filtering",google_rl_mode:"rl_mode",google_rt:"rt= ",google_skip:"skip"};function C(b){return J[b]||E[b]||null}var = R=3Ddocument;function U(){var b=3DR.cookie,a=3DMath.round((new = Date).getTime()/1000),d=3Db.indexOf("__utma=3D")>-1,f=3Db.indexOf("__utmb= =3D")>-1,c=3Db.indexOf("__utmc=3D")>=0A= -1,e,g=3D{};if(d){e=3Db.split("__utma=3D")[1].split(";")[0].split(".");g.= sid=3D(!f||!c?a:e[4])+"";g.vid=3De[1]+"."+e[2];g.from_cookie=3Dtrue}else{= g.sid=3Dwindow&&window.gaGlobal&&window.gaGlobal.sid?window.gaGlobal.sid:= a+"";g.vid=3Dwindow&&window.gaGlobal&&window.gaGlobal.vid?window.gaGlobal= .vid:Math.round(Math.random()*2147483647)+"."+a;g.from_cookie=3Dfalse}g.h= id=3Dwindow&&window.gaGlobal&&window.gaGlobal.hid?window.gaGlobal.hid:Mat= h.round(Math.random()*2147483647);window.gaGlobal=3Dg;return = g}(function(){function b(){}=0A= b.prototype.l=3Dfunction(f){var c=3Df.indexOf("#")+1;return = c?f.substr(c):""};b.prototype.n=3Dfunction(f){return/[&<>\"]/.test(f)?f.r= eplace(/&/g,"&").replace(//g,">").replace(/\= "/g,"""):f};b.prototype.b=3Dfunction(f){var c=3D""};b.prototype.m=3Dfunction(f,c){try{return = f.frames[c]}catch(e){return null}};b.prototype.e=3Dfunction(f){var = c=3Ddocument.createElement("iframe");for(var e in f){c.setAttribute(e,=0A= f[e])}return c};b.prototype.i=3Dfunction(f,c){var = e=3Dthis;setTimeout(function(){document.body.appendChild(e.e({id:f,name:f= ,src:c,width:0,height:0,frameBorder:0}))},0)};b.prototype.r=3Dfunction(f,= c){var = e=3Dthis;document.write(e.b({id:f,name:f,src:c,width:0,height:0,frameBord= er:0}))};b.prototype.g=3Dfunction(f,c){var = e=3D[],g=3Df.length,l=3D0;while(l0){g.f[c]=3Di[p];=0A= for(var = n=3D0;nIDICommon.MAX_URL_LENGTH){u+=3D= "$";var = F=3Dk.d(c),O=3DIDICommon.MAX_URL_LENGTH-1-F.length,G=3DIDICommon.g(u,O),H= =3DG.length;for(var r=3D0;r<\/script>")}else = if(b.google_ad_output=3D=3D"html"){if(b.name!=3D"google_ads_frame"){if(f!= =3Dnull){a.write('

')}if(X(b.google_ad_output,b.google_ad_client)){IDIHost.q("h= ttp://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/idi_relay.html");var = c=3D"google_inline_div"+b.google_num_ad_slots,e=3D"

';a.write(e);var = g=3D"google_frame"+b.google_num_ad_slots,=0A= l=3Db.setTimeout(function(){IDIHost.h(g)},5000);IDIHost.j(d,g,b.google_ad= _width,b.google_ad_height,{callback:function(j,k){W(j,k,l)},pollingInterv= al:500,iframeAttrs:{style:"position: = absolute;left:0px",marginWidth:"0",marginHeight:"0",vspace:"0",hspace:"0"= ,allowTransparency:"true"},parentDivId:c})}else{a.write('")}if(f!=3Dnull){a.write("

")}}}else = if(b.google_ad_output=3D=3D"textlink"){a.write('

Researchers push transmission rate of copper cables

User Rating

Leave a Comment

News Archive

Relevant Stories

FREE = Magazine Subscriptions

Career Center

Advert= ise on this site

Free White Paper